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Torch Object Storage

Overview

Constraints and limitations

This topic outlines the constraints and limitations that apply to TOS features.

Bandwidth

The maximum bandwidth limits for each region per account are as follows:

Region	Total upload bandwidth (Public + Private Network)	Upload bandwidth (Public Network)	Total download bandwidth (Public + Private Network)	Download bandwidth (Public Network)
China (Beijing)	100 Gbps	5 Gbps	100 Gbps	5 Gbps
China (Guangzhou)	10 Gbps	5 Gbps	10 Gbps	5 Gbps
China (Shanghai)	100 Gbps	5 Gbps	100 Gbps	5 Gbps
China (Hong Kong)	10 Gbps	5 Gbps	10 Gbps	5 Gbps
Asia Pacific (Johor)	10 Gbps	5 Gbps	10 Gbps	5 Gbps
Asia Pacific (Jakarta)	10 Gbps	1 Gbps	10 Gbps	1 Gbps

Remarks:

Exceeding the limit will trigger throttling. After this occurs, requests will be rate-limited, and the response header will include x-tos-qos-delay-time: number, where number indicates the duration of throttling. Alternatively, requests may receive a response status code 429.

To minimize service disruptions, we recommend designing fault-tolerant solutions for throttling scenarios in accordance with Best practices for optimizing performance.

You can also configure alert policies based on these limits to proactively monitor bandwidth usage. For detailed steps, see Creating alert policies.

Submit a ticket if you need more bandwidth.

QPS

Category	Description
Read and write requests	Default QPS (queries per second) per account per region: 10,000 Non-sequential read and write: 10,000 Sequential read and write: 2,000 tip If your naming convention for objects uses sequential prefixes (e.g., timestamps or alphabetical order), requests may concentrate on a specific shard. This creates hotspots and reduces request rates. To avoid performance degradation, consider modifying sequential prefixes. For more information, see Best practices for optimizing performance.
ListObjects requests	By default, each region allows 1,000 QPS per account.
CreateBucket, DeleteBucket, ListBuckets, PutBucket, or GetBucket requests	By default, each region allows 200 QPS per account.
Hotspot frequency control (per object)	Upload/Delete/List: 50 QPS per account per region. Download: 1,000 QPS per account per region.

Remarks:

Exceeding the limit will trigger throttling. After this occurs, requests will receive a response status code 429.

To minimize service disruptions, we recommend designing fault-tolerant solutions for throttling scenarios in accordance with Best practices for optimizing performance.

You can also configure alert policies based on these limits to proactively monitor bandwidth usage. For detailed steps, see Creating alert policies.

Submit a ticket if you need higher QPS limits.

Storage type

Storage type	Billable capacity	Minimum storage duration	Is restoration required?	Others
Standard Storage	For objects in a given region that are smaller than 64 KiB: If the number of such objects reaches or exceeds one billion, each object will be billed as 64 KiB. If the number remains below one billion, the objects are charged at their actual size.	-	No	-
Infrequent Access Storage	Objects smaller than 64 KiB are charged as 64 KiB. Objects equal to or larger than 64 KiB are charged at actual size.	30 days	No	-
Flashback Archive	Objects smaller than 64 KiB are charged as 64 KiB. Objects equal to or larger than 64 KiB are charged at actual size.	90 days	No	-
Intelligent Tiering	Objects smaller than 64 KiB will remain in the frequent access tier and will not be transitioned to other tiers.	-	No	When creating a bucket, you cannot select Intelligent Tiering as the storage type. Objects smaller than 64 KiB are exempt from object monitoring charges.
Archive	Objects smaller than 64 KiB are charged as 64 KiB. Objects equal to or larger than 64 KiB are charged at actual size.	90 days	Yes	-
Cold Archive	Objects smaller than 64 KiB are charged as 64 KiB. Objects equal to or larger than 64 KiB are charged at actual size.	180 days	Yes	Reference object retrieval rate per Volcano Engine account: Average of 500 objects per second. The total daily retrieval capacity for these three modes ranges from 100 to 150 TiB.
Deep Cold Archive	Objects smaller than 64 KiB are charged as 64 KiB. Objects equal to or larger than 64 KiB are charged at actual size.	180 days	Yes	Reference object retrieval rate per Volcano Engine account: Average of 100 objects per second. The total daily retrieval capacity for these two modes ranges from 10 to 15 TiB. tip Deep Cold Archive is currently in closed beta. Please contact your account manager for access.

Remarks:

Early deletion or update incurs fees for remaining days.

If the object you want to access is stored in Archive, Cold Archive, or Deep Cold Archive, restore it first.

Bucket

Category	Description
Bucket	You can create up to 100 buckets per account. Submit a ticket if you need more. After creating a bucket, you cannot rename it or change its region. For more information on bucket naming conventions, see Common concepts. The number of objects and storage capacity of a bucket are unlimited.
Lifecycle rule	The maximum number of lifecycle rules permitted for a bucket is 1,000. Additionally, each bucket enforces a 20 KB cumulative limit for all JSON-formatted lifecycle policies. When you add a lifecycle rule to a bucket, there is usually some lag before the rule is fully propagated to all objects in the bucket. For more information, see Effective time.
Back-to-origin rule	You can create up to 20 back-to-origin rules. Rules are evaluated in the order they are listed. They stop at the first match. In mirror-based back-to-origin, objects can be up to 5 GiB in size. To request an object larger than 5 GiB, use GetRange. In redirect-based back-to-origin, objects can be up to 300 GiB in size. For back-to-origin operations, the default QPS limit is 2,000, and the default bandwidth limit is 2,000 Mbps. Exceeding the limit will trigger throttling.
Custom domain	Each domain name can only be associated with one bucket. Each bucket can hold up to 100 associated domain names.
Cross-bucket replication	A bucket cannot have more than 100 total cross-region and same-region replication rules. You can specify up to 10 prefixes for each cross-region replication rule. You cannot replicate objects in Cold Archive or encrypted objects across regions. The default QPS limit is 10,000, and the default bandwidth limit is 10 Gbps, for both the source and destination buckets. Exceeding the limit will trigger throttling.
Bucket policy	Each bucket enforces a 20 KB cumulative limit for all JSON-formatted bucket policies.
Bucket inventory	You can configure each bucket with up to ten bucket inventory rules.

Object

Category			Description
Object upload			The maximum size of an object that can be uploaded with a non-multipart upload is 5 GiB. Use multipart uploads for larger objects. You can upload a single object of up to 48.8 TiB in size, divided into a maximum of 10,000 parts, each of which can be up to 5 GiB. For more information on object naming conventions, see Common concepts.
Data processing	Image processing	Constraints and limitations The original image must be in the JPG, JPEG, PNG, BMP, GIF, WEBP, or TIFF format. The original image size must be 20 MB or smaller. The original image can have a width and height of up to 30,000 pixels, for a total of up to 250 million pixels. However, the width and height cannot exceed 4,096 pixels for the rotate operation. The resized image can have a width and height of up to 16,384 pixels, for a total of 16,777,216 pixels. A bucket supports up to 100 image styles. The QPS limit for processing images in each region is 50. The default concurrency limits for processing images are as follows: China (Beijing): 20 Other regions: 10 tip If you have a compute-intensive workload or usage that exceeds these limits, submit a ticket to consult with our technical team or your designated account manager.
Data processing		Video processing	The video processing feature only supports specific video encoding and container formats. These are listed below: Video encoding formats: MPEG-4 Part 2, HEVC, AVI, VP8, VP9, H264, and H265. Video container formats: avi, mp4, mkv, mov, webm, flv, and ts. The QPS limit for processing videos in each region is 20. tip If you have a compute-intensive workload or usage that exceeds these limits, submit a ticket to consult with our technical team or your designated account manager.

Last updated: 2026.08.20 17:47:39