TOS only has the concept of objects and internally stores data in a flat structure. To help you group objects and simplify permission management, you can organize objects using directory hierarchies.

create directory

TOS only has the concept of objects. You can simulate directory functionality by creating an object with size 0 and ending with a slash/to mimic a directory.

The following code creates the directory exampledir/ and the subdirectory exampledir/test/ in the bucket bucket-test.

import os​
import tos​
​
# Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
try:​
    # Create a TosClientV2 object to perform operations on buckets and objects.​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
​
    # Create bucket​
    client.create_bucket(bucket_name)​
​
    # Enter the directory name, the directory must end with a forward slash.​
    client.put_object(bucket_name, 'exampledir/')​
    # Enter the directory name, create a multi-level directory, and the directory must end with a forward slash.​
    client.put_object(bucket_name, 'exampledir/test/')​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​

simulate directory listing

You can simulate directory functionality using the delimiter and prefix parameters:

First, set delimiter to/and set prefix to empty; this returns objects and subdirectory information in the root directory.

Set delimiter to/Set prefix as the subdirectory to return objects and subdirectories within it.

The following code lists objects and subdirectories under directory log/ in bucket bucket-test.

import os​
import tos​
​
# Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
try:​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
    is_truncated = True​
    next_continuation_token = ''​
    while is_truncated:​
        out = client.list_objects_type2(bucket_name, delimiter="/", prefix="log/",​
                                        continuation_token=next_continuation_token)​
        is_truncated = out.is_truncated​
        next_continuation_token = out.next_continuation_token​
        # common_prefixes returns the subdirectories under the root directory.​
        for prefix in out.common_prefixes:​
            print('subDir', prefix.prefix)​
​
        # The following code is used to delete a specified directory in a bucket.​
        for content in out.contents:​
            print('file', content.key)​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​

Delete directory

The following code deletes all data in directory log/ within bucket bucket-test.

import os​
import tos​
​
# Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
try:​
    # Create a TosClientV2 object to perform operations on buckets and objects.​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
    is_truncated = True​
    continuation_token = ''​
    # The following code is used to delete a specified directory in a bucket.​
    while is_truncated:​
        out = client.list_objects_type2(bucket_name, continuation_token=continuation_token, prefix='log/')​
        for content in out.contents:​
            client.delete_object(bucket_name, content.key)​
        continuation_token = out.next_continuation_token​
        is_truncated = out.is_truncated​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​

Last updated: 2025.09.17 18:22:09

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