TosClient includes signatures in the request headers by default when sending requests to the server. The SDK also supports generating presigned URLs, which you can use directly to send HTTP requests or share with third parties to authorize access. The examples below show how to upload and download objects using presigned URLs. Other interfaces follow a similar approach.

Upload an object using a presigned URL

The following code uses a presigned URL to upload the object object-test to the bucket bucket-test.

import requests​
import os​
import tos​
​
# Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
content = b'test pre_signed_url put_object'​
try:​
    # Create a TosClientV2 object to perform operations on buckets and objects​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
​
    # Generate a signed URL for uploading a file with a validity of 3600s​
    out = client.pre_signed_url(tos.HttpMethodType.Http_Method_Put, bucket=bucket_name, key=object_key, expires=3600)​
    print('签名URL的地址为', out.signed_url)​
    # Upload the object using the pre-signed URL, using requests as an example.​
    out = requests.put(out.signed_url, content)​
    out.close()​
    # Download the object​
    get_out = client.get_object(bucket_name, object_key)​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​

Download an object using a presigned URL

The following code uses a presigned URL to download the object object-test from the bucket bucket-test.

import requests​
import os​
import tos​
from tos import HttpMethodType​
​
# Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
content = b'test pre_signed_url get_object'​
try:​
    # Create a TosClientV2 object to perform operations on buckets and objects.​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
    # Generate a pre-signed URL with signature​
    pre_signed_url_output = client.pre_signed_url(HttpMethodType.Http_Method_Get, bucket_name, object_key)​
    # Download the object using the pre-signed URL, using requests as an example.​
    out = requests.get(pre_signed_url_output.signed_url)​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​

Delete an object using a presigned URL

import requests​
import os​
import tos​
​
#  Retrieve AKSK information from environment variables.​
ak = os.getenv('TOS_ACCESS_KEY')​
sk = os.getenv('TOS_SECRET_KEY')​
endpoint = "your endpoint"​
region = "your region"​
bucket_name = "bucket-test"​
object_key = "object-test"​
try:​
    # Create a TosClientV2 object to perform operations on buckets and objects.​
    client = tos.TosClientV2(ak, sk, endpoint, region)​
    client.create_bucket(bucket_name)​
    # Generate a signed URL for deleting a file, with a validity period of 3600 seconds.​
    out = client.pre_signed_url(tos.HttpMethodType.Http_Method_Delete, bucket=bucket_name, key=object_key, expires=3600)​
    print('签名URL的地址为', out.signed_url)​
     # Use pre-signed deletion objects as an example to illustrate with requests.​
    out = requests.delete(out.signed_url)​
    out.close()​
except tos.exceptions.TosClientError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch client error, usually caused by invalid request parameters or network issues​
    print('fail with client error, message:{}, cause: {}'.format(e.message, e.cause))​
except tos.exceptions.TosServerError as e:​
    # Operation failed, catch server error, detailed error information can be obtained from the response​
    print('fail with server error, code: {}'.format(e.code))​
    # request id can be used to locate specific issues, it is strongly recommended to save it in the log.​
    print('error with request id: {}'.format(e.request_id))​
    print('error with message: {}'.format(e.message))​
    print('error with http code: {}'.format(e.status_code))​
    print('error with ec: {}'.format(e.ec))​
    print('error with request url: {}'.format(e.request_url))​
except Exception as e:​
    print('fail with unknown error: {}'.format(e))​